Awareness of the physiology and pathophysiology of fascial structures is undergoing massive expansion. The fascia is composed of dense and loose fibrous tissue with varying levels of elasticity, created by fibroblasts to serve various needs throughout the body. It links muscles to one another, muscles via tendons to bones, bones to each other, and it surrounds and informs motion around joints. It links all cutaneous structures to the lymphatics, and creates channels for fluid movement between the microvasculature, lymphatics and the circulatory system. The fascia imbues all organs and connects distant tissues to each other and houses the immune system.
When dysfunctional, the fascia forms corridors for tumor metastasis, alters immune homeostasis and creates body-wide tissue adhesiveness and pain. As an integral mediator of various forms of physical medicine, the mechanotransduction of fibroblasts from stretching and alteration of the fascia contributes to both disease; such as tissue adhesion, cancer metastasis and pain; and mitigation or treatment of diseases with the use of acupuncture, stretch and motion.